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-
- Introduction to GL general ledger version 1.12
-
- by
- David C. Oshel
- 1219 Harding Avenue
- Ames, Iowa 50010
-
-
- In the immortal words of Captain James T. Kirk, "We grow weary of your
- foolishness." What the PC world mostly needs now is a good, low-end General
- Ledger program in the public domain. One that can knock the $100 pretenders
- (and ALL other shareware gl's) out of the running. Well...
-
- This is GL, sometimes pronounced "Jill", a general ledger program and just
- what the doctor ordered. GL is nice!
-
- I wrote this program. I'm not a CPA, but I am a fairly ok programmer -- and I
- keep my own books with these routines. I wrote GL in Microsoft C v4.00. The
- source code is available for $7.50 per line whether code or comments. You
- can't afford it.
-
- HOWEVER, THE EXECUTABLE FORM OF THE PROGRAM, AND ALL ITS FUTURE INCARNATIONS,
- IS HEREBY PLACED IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN FOREVER.
-
-
- *** LEGAL STUFF ***
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Great Patham, do I hate disclaimers! This program is nothing more than the GL
- it purports to be. It is complete and requires nothing else to run. It does
- nothing but keep your books. I am not an accountant, and nothing in this
- program or its documentation should be regarded as fiduciary advice or counsel.
-
- Decide for yourself whether my program is any good, BEFORE you pay for it! If
- you LIKE what you see here, if you USE this program, then you OWE it to your
- conscience to pay me what the program is worth. This kind of General Ledger
- was a LONG time in coming ... PAY UP, and let's keep it around!
-
- You MAY, and you should, give this program away to your friends. My plea for
- money applies to them too! In fact, may the Great Hooha of Parsimony lay an
- egg in your back yard if you DON'T pay up and DON'T pass this program around!
-
- But please, please, please -- distribute the WHOLE program, and ALL of its
- documentation, UNCHANGED. Don't add to it. Don't subtract from it.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- System Requirements:
-
- GL requires some variety of IBM personal computer or a perfect clone -- this
- does NOT include the IBM PC Jr, or those clones which don't have a standard
- IBM video memory map or don't support IBM ROM-BIOS or at least Phoenix ROM.
-
- You should have at least 512k of memory, a 20 meg hard disk, and a
- "backspacing standard printer" such as an IBM Graphics Printer, Epson RX-80,
- Panasonic KX-P1091 or similar ilk. The printer must respond to ASCII
- backspace (Ctrl-H), formfeed (Ctrl-L) and CANCEL (Ctrl-X) characters -- as do
- all of the printers mentioned. The printer should have either wide carriage
- or a command to set COMPRESSED text. You may specify printer setup commands
- for wide- versus narrow-page printouts. GL does not directly support single-
- sheet feed printers, and assumes continuous forms.
-
- I hope you're getting the idea -- this GL program isn't kidding!
-
-
- **
-
- GL has two strong visual metaphors for data entry:
-
- * The General Journal display suggests actual T-Accounts.
- * The Check Register and Deposit Slip routines look like
- what they are.
-
- GL prints out these basic financial reports:
-
- * Complete General Journal audit trail
- * Trial balance
- * Detail general ledger
- * Statement of account (with dun message for accts 120 to 129 999)
- * Consolidated balance sheet
- * Statement of revenue & expense
- * GL does NOT report Cash Flow, but DOES keep data on prior
- Retained Earnings (see Query Account)
-
- GL has a powerful Chart of Accounts, all things considered:
-
- * Number of accounts limited by memory (over 1000 in 512k)
- * Master and subaccounts, as well as regular accounts
- * Nine FULLY OPERATIONAL levels of Break Total
- * On-line Chart inspection when requested during data entry
- * Standard 3-digit account codes (optionally 6 digits)
- * Account number ranges are pre-defined:
-
- 100 ASSET
- 200 LIABILITY
- 300 EQUITY
- 399 Retained Earnings (pre-defined, undeletable)
- 400 REVENUE
- 500 to 999 999 are EXPENSE accounts.
-
- As in several pricey GL's on the market, the Chart "doubles" as instructions
- to the Balance Sheet report writer: You specify left, middle or right columns
- in which to print the account balance, and you may include on-the-fly totals
- and subtotals specified by non-posting "Break Total accounts". Header and
- total accounts are printed in doublestrike mode for visual emphasis on the
- page, regardless of their user-assigned columns.
-
- You will find MS-DOS general ledger packages for $100 on the market, in which
- the Break Total levels do not work as advertised. Mine do, and always have!
-
- GL supports Periodic Close the old-fashioned way, by posting closing entries
- to a General Journal which is NOT erased. Year End, on the other hand, erases
- the old ledger files and posts account balances forward to a new, blank
- ledger -- if you decide to use it!
-
-
- **
-
-
- All data enters the General Ledger through the General Journal. That means,
- General Journal RULES FOR DOUBLE-ENTRY BOOKKEEPING are strictly enforced.
-
- However, you can use the Check Register function to record your checks in a
- more familiar style. The Check Register routine then formats a proper Journal
- entry for you -- automatically!
-
- The General Journal model followed here is very simple. GL provides a visual
- metaphor of the Journal page, complete with columns. There are also visual
- cues which signal the ACCOUNT TYPE (asset, equity, etc.), and which column to
- use to increase or decrease the account balance! This level of gratuitious
- hand-holding is unprecedented.
-
- The General Journal rules most likely to bother beginning bookkeepers are
- these:
-
- a) Transactions MUST balance when they are entered.
- b) The DEBIT (left) column must be entered first.
- c) There is NO WAY to modify an account's balance, except
- by making a complete double-sided Journal entry.
- d) No single account number may appear twice in a transaction.
-
- Rule b) especially means you must think the transaction through before
- entering it -- or else use the Check Register! The Check Register does not
- enforce rules b) or d) for Journal entry, since it works under a more
- lenient set of assumptions (since more is known about what you intend).
-
- If there is any obvious advantage to this scheme of things, it is that the
- General Journal provides an absolutely dead accurate and complete audit trail.
- Trial Balance is almost a waste of time since your books are INVARIABLY pre-
- balanced.
-
- The number of distributions you can make in one transaction is also limited by
- available memory, and not by the program itself. A couple hundred
- distributions is unreal, maybe, but it's not a problem, either! The Year End
- routine takes advantage of this feature.
-
- Obviously, the General Journal part of this GL was written for novices, and
- for professionals who actually LIKE to think in terms of T-Accounts. Well, you
- can't have everything! That's a joke, of course. Don't be mislead -- lack of
- rigor in the General Journal is the most frequent complaint that CPA's lodge
- against commercial accounting software. GL does NOT suffer that way.
-
- There are a lot of $600 bells-and-whistles that AREN'T here, naturally, but...
- Look around! You might find more than you expected. I use this program to
- manage 4 credit cards, a checking account, and about a dozen each of Accounts
- Receivable and Accounts Payable. Data entry sometimes requires thought. But
- the reports are nice, and I know where I am financially for the first time
- ever.
-
- Enjoy!
-
-
-
-
-
- P.S. I will be happy to answer questions about the program (if possible) if
- you write them down and send them along with the suggested contribution.
- I will not (by law, may not) answer any questions about accounting.
-
- If you need a good book on elementary accounting, I'd recommend "How
- Accounting Works: A Guide for the Perplexed," by Edwards, Hermanson, Salmonson
- and Kensicki.
-
- This book, published by Dow Jones-Irwin, has the best first chapter you are
- likely to find anywhere. It was written for executives who are NOT primarily
- accountants.
-
-